MY CHAPTER NOTES FOR CRE-101
Chapter 1
context- the way the word is used in its particular setting
synonym- a context clue that is frequently used, it is a word or phrase similar in meaning to the unfamiliar word
antonym- word or phrase that means the opposite of the word or question
annotating- writing brief notations in the margins, specifically, writing questions to raise in class, noting important points, and circling unfamiliar words.
paraphrase- to restate a writers ideas in your own words. paraphrasing goes hand in hand with summarizing, making them 2 of the most important skills that need to be mastered.
synonym- a context clue that is frequently used, it is a word or phrase similar in meaning to the unfamiliar word
antonym- word or phrase that means the opposite of the word or question
annotating- writing brief notations in the margins, specifically, writing questions to raise in class, noting important points, and circling unfamiliar words.
paraphrase- to restate a writers ideas in your own words. paraphrasing goes hand in hand with summarizing, making them 2 of the most important skills that need to be mastered.
Chapter 2
*Main Idea and purpose of the author
topic + controlling idea = main idea
implied main ideas- not stated clearly
Supporting the main idea- the Main Idea receives Major support as the Major support receives Minor support.
MAIN IDEA
Major support
Minor support
Major support
Minor support
Major support
Minor support
Narration- to tell a story
Description- to show what something looks or feels like
Exposition- to inform, explain, or set forth
Persuasion- convincing the reader to adapt a point of view
topic + controlling idea = main idea
implied main ideas- not stated clearly
Supporting the main idea- the Main Idea receives Major support as the Major support receives Minor support.
MAIN IDEA
Major support
Minor support
Major support
Minor support
Major support
Minor support
Narration- to tell a story
Description- to show what something looks or feels like
Exposition- to inform, explain, or set forth
Persuasion- convincing the reader to adapt a point of view
Chapter 3 inferences
Inferences are derived from facts, they are considered to be a statement about the unknown which is based on the known.
Problems with inferences
-We make assumptions that get in the way of making accurate inferences.
-We may not ready carefully enough or pay close enough attention to new vocabulary
-We may indulge in stereotyping.
One of the most important factors in making an accurate inference is using the EVIDENCE- the justification for the inference.
Problems with inferences
-We make assumptions that get in the way of making accurate inferences.
-We may not ready carefully enough or pay close enough attention to new vocabulary
-We may indulge in stereotyping.
One of the most important factors in making an accurate inference is using the EVIDENCE- the justification for the inference.
Chapter 4
Fact- piece of verifiable objective information and can be proven
Statistics- data in the form of numbers, derived from research studies
Example- a specified instance of a more general concept
Illustration- a longer more extended example
2 processes of writing- directive and informative
Directive- step by step methods like in a cookbook
Informative- how something was developed or came into existence.
Cause and Effect method- method used to explain complex events, problems, or issues.
Analogy- an extended metaphor in which the writer discusses the literal subject in terms of something else.
Statistics- data in the form of numbers, derived from research studies
Example- a specified instance of a more general concept
Illustration- a longer more extended example
2 processes of writing- directive and informative
Directive- step by step methods like in a cookbook
Informative- how something was developed or came into existence.
Cause and Effect method- method used to explain complex events, problems, or issues.
Analogy- an extended metaphor in which the writer discusses the literal subject in terms of something else.
Chapter 5
Patterns of organization- ways a paragraph can be arranged.
1.chronological-easiest pattern to recognize, refers to the order in which events happen.
2.spatial-the arrangement of details observed in an environment, used to help the reader visualize the scene.
3.deductive- the most common form--look in chapter 2 notes with the Main Idea and support example.
4.inductive-the opposite of deductive, supporting evidence and then main idea. backwards
1.chronological-easiest pattern to recognize, refers to the order in which events happen.
2.spatial-the arrangement of details observed in an environment, used to help the reader visualize the scene.
3.deductive- the most common form--look in chapter 2 notes with the Main Idea and support example.
4.inductive-the opposite of deductive, supporting evidence and then main idea. backwards
Chapter 6
Connotation-the cluster of suggestions, ideas, or emotional associations a word carries.
Denotation- the literal or explicit meaning of a word, the dictionary def.
Metaphor- A direct and imaginative comparison
Simile- an imaginative comparison using like or as
Personification- a comparison in which something nonliving is described as if it were human
MISUSED LANGUAGE
cliches-tired overused expressions
code words- words or phrases that are secretive that mean something special to some people but not others
jargon- the specialized language used by a particular group
sneer words- words with strong negative, derogatory connotations
Denotation- the literal or explicit meaning of a word, the dictionary def.
Metaphor- A direct and imaginative comparison
Simile- an imaginative comparison using like or as
Personification- a comparison in which something nonliving is described as if it were human
MISUSED LANGUAGE
cliches-tired overused expressions
code words- words or phrases that are secretive that mean something special to some people but not others
jargon- the specialized language used by a particular group
sneer words- words with strong negative, derogatory connotations
Chapter 7
Point of view- the writers attitude toward a particular subject, there stance
Tone- feeling or emotional quality a piece of writing conveys to the reader
Irony- when a writer deliberately says the opposite of what he or she really means or points to the opposite of what one would typically expect to occur
Cynicism- distrusting or disparaging the motives or sincerity of others
Satire- type of writing that seeks to expose folly or wickedness, to hold human behavior up to ridicule, to show certain actions or behavior would be desirable
Allusion- meaningful reference to something outside the text, which illuminates the subject
Tone- feeling or emotional quality a piece of writing conveys to the reader
Irony- when a writer deliberately says the opposite of what he or she really means or points to the opposite of what one would typically expect to occur
Cynicism- distrusting or disparaging the motives or sincerity of others
Satire- type of writing that seeks to expose folly or wickedness, to hold human behavior up to ridicule, to show certain actions or behavior would be desirable
Allusion- meaningful reference to something outside the text, which illuminates the subject
Chapter 8
Critical reading- the most deliberate and thorough kind of reading. means judging, evaluating, weighing the writers words carefully, and applying your reasoning powers. Requires an open mind and developing healthy skepticism.
Ethnocentrism- the belief that our nation or social group is superior, that it is at the center of the universe, and that a different way of perceiving events is wrong or flawed, as if everyone else in the world should look at the world the same way we do.
*develop a worldview- perspective of all kinds on events and issues
The structure of arguments
The claim-the writers main idea or point
Evidence to support the claim
A refutation, sometimes called the concession-the discussion of opposing viewpoints
conclusion- the restatement of the claim or recommendation for future action
Ethnocentrism- the belief that our nation or social group is superior, that it is at the center of the universe, and that a different way of perceiving events is wrong or flawed, as if everyone else in the world should look at the world the same way we do.
*develop a worldview- perspective of all kinds on events and issues
The structure of arguments
The claim-the writers main idea or point
Evidence to support the claim
A refutation, sometimes called the concession-the discussion of opposing viewpoints
conclusion- the restatement of the claim or recommendation for future action
Chapter 9
Inductive argument is built upon a set of facts derived from observation or experience that serve as evidence and that lead to a conclusion.
Deductive argument moves from general to specific, it moves from reason to conclusion or to specific application with certainty.
Appeal- something that makes an argument attractive, worth considering, or plausible. appeals can be legitimate or illegitimate.
Appeal to authority- allows the claim to rest solely on the fact that a supposed authority is behind it.
bias- occurs when a writer obviously favors one side over another, writing form a subjective viewpoint colored by his or her views about a particular subject
Deductive argument moves from general to specific, it moves from reason to conclusion or to specific application with certainty.
Appeal- something that makes an argument attractive, worth considering, or plausible. appeals can be legitimate or illegitimate.
Appeal to authority- allows the claim to rest solely on the fact that a supposed authority is behind it.
bias- occurs when a writer obviously favors one side over another, writing form a subjective viewpoint colored by his or her views about a particular subject
Chapter 10
analyzing ads-
The subject- who is being depicted?
The action- what is happening?
The arrangement- what is the foreground and background
The people- what are they wearing, what emotions or feelings are displayed
The words-what does the text say
What tone is suggested?
What does the ad want me to think?
What are the emotional appeals that are used authority? fear? patriotism?
The subject- who is being depicted?
The action- what is happening?
The arrangement- what is the foreground and background
The people- what are they wearing, what emotions or feelings are displayed
The words-what does the text say
What tone is suggested?
What does the ad want me to think?
What are the emotional appeals that are used authority? fear? patriotism?
